reformaci

Reformaci refers to the Protestant Reformation, a major religious movement in 16th-century Europe. It challenged the authority and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations. Key figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli played pivotal roles in initiating and spreading reformist ideas.

The Reformation was fueled by a complex mix of religious, political, and social factors. Dissatisfaction with church practices, such as the sale of indulgences, corruption, and the perceived distance between the clergy and the laity, contributed to the growing desire for reform. The invention of the printing press facilitated the dissemination of new theological ideas and criticisms of the Church.

Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses, posted in 1517, are often considered the catalyst for the Reformation. He emphasized salvation by faith alone (sola fide) and the Bible as the ultimate authority (sola scriptura). John Calvin, another influential reformer, developed a systematic theology that greatly influenced Protestant thought.

The Reformation resulted in significant religious and political upheaval. It led to wars of religion, the fragmentation of Western Christianity, and the rise of nation-states. The Counter-Reformation, initiated by the Catholic Church, sought to address some of the criticisms and reaffirm its doctrines and authority. The legacy of the Reformation continues to shape religious and cultural landscapes today.