redoxsensitivity

Redoxsensitivity refers to the susceptibility of a biological system, such as a cell or organism, to damage or dysfunction caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These species are byproducts of normal metabolic processes, but under certain conditions, their production can increase, overwhelming the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms. This imbalance leads to oxidative stress.

Cells have evolved intricate systems to neutralize ROS and RNS, involving enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C. When these defenses are compromised, or when ROS/RNS production is excessively high, redoxsensitivity becomes apparent.

Factors contributing to redoxsensitivity include genetic predispositions, environmental exposures (e.g., pollution, radiation), aging, and certain disease states like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The damage inflicted by ROS and RNS can manifest as lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage, ultimately impacting cellular function and integrity. Understanding redoxsensitivity is crucial for comprehending the pathogenesis of various diseases and for developing therapeutic strategies that target oxidative stress.