ravinneköyhyys

Ravinneköyhyys is a Finnish term used in soil science and agronomy to describe soils whose plant-available nutrients are insufficient to sustain typical crop production without external inputs. Etymology: ravinne means nutrient and köyhyys poverty, so the phrase literally means nutrient poverty. The concept encompasses limitations in macro- and micronutrients caused by long-term nutrient depletion, often accelerated by intensive cropping, removal of harvestable products, soil erosion, leaching, low organic matter, and soil acidification. It manifests as reduced crop yields, poorer plant vigor, increased vulnerability to stress, and a higher reliance on inputs such as chemical fertilizers.

Assessment relies on soil testing to determine available N, P, K and micronutrient levels, plus measures of soil organic matter and pH. Budgeting approaches compare nutrient removal by crops with replenishment rates to identify deficits. Management aims to restore fertility through integrated nutrient management: adding organic matter (compost, manure, cover crops), rotating crops including legumes, applying balanced mineral fertilization tailored to soil tests, liming to correct pH, and practices that conserve or restore soil structure such as reduced tillage and erosion control.

Ravinneköyhyys is a concern for sustainable agriculture because it can reduce long-term productivity, increase fertilizer requirements, and threaten soil biodiversity and ecosystem services. It is addressed in national agricultural policies and soil fertility research as part of broader soil health and land degradation discussions.