rapes

Rape is a form of sexual violence defined as non-consensual sexual intercourse or penetration obtained through force, coercion, threat, or when the person is unable to consent. Legal definitions vary by jurisdiction and may distinguish between rape, sexual assault, and statutory rape. Some systems include penetrative acts beyond intercourse, while others limit rape to vaginal penetration; in many jurisdictions, consent and capacity to consent are central concepts, with age of consent and power dynamics shaping interpretation.

Rape can be committed by a stranger, an acquaintance, or an intimate partner. It affects people of all genders, though women and girls are disproportionately represented as victims in many regions. Risk factors include gender-based social norms, unequal power relations, and situations that involve vulnerability or isolation.

The impact on survivors ranges from physical injuries and sexually transmitted infections to long-term psychological effects such as post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and stigma. Many cases go unreported due to stigma, fear of retaliation, or distrust in authorities. Timely medical care, including urgent pregnancy and STI prevention and forensic examination where appropriate, is important for health and documentation for potential legal action.

Responses include criminal justice proceedings, survivor support services, and preventive education. Prevention efforts emphasize consent education, bystander intervention, addressing harmful attitudes, and legal reforms to close gaps in protection—for example, recognizing marital rape and ensuring protections for minors and other vulnerable groups.

International human rights frameworks condemn rape as a grave violation, and numerous organizations provide resources for prevention, reporting, and support.