rape

Rape is a form of sexual violence defined as non-consensual sexual intercourse or penetration obtained through force, coercion, exploitation of a person's vulnerability, or when the victim is unable to give consent. The legal definition of rape varies by jurisdiction, but most systems require that the act involve penetration and lack of freely given consent. Some laws also define rape to include non-penetrative acts or additional circumstances, such as mistaken belief that the act was consensual. In many places, consent must be ongoing, voluntary, and informed; it cannot be assumed from silence, prior relations, or the absence of physical resistance. Incapacitation from alcohol, drugs, or unconsciousness negates consent.

Rape is a crime in most jurisdictions and is often charged under offenses such as rape, sexual assault, or aggravated assault. Prosecution and punishment depend on law and evidence, and victims' rights vary by country. Reporting rates are affected by stigma, fear, mistrust of authorities, and concerns about trauma from legal proceedings. Global estimates indicate many cases go unreported.

Impact on survivors can be physical injuries, sexually transmitted infections, and unwanted pregnancy, as well as long-term psychological effects including PTSD, anxiety, depression, and challenges in relationships. Comprehensive care typically includes medical treatment, forensic exams when appropriate, counseling, and support services. Preventive strategies emphasize consent education, bystander intervention, and reducing societal stigma.

This overview provides a general understanding of rape as a legal and social issue, recognizing that definitions and responses differ across jurisdictions and cultures.