rakennustietomallinnus

Rakennustietomallinnus, or BIM, is the process of creating and managing digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of buildings and infrastructure throughout their life cycle. It combines geometric models with non-graphical data to support design, construction, operation and maintenance. The primary deliverable is a rakennustietomalli (information model) that enables shared understanding among project participants.

The model is developed collaboratively by architects, engineers, contractors and owners, and is governed by information management practices and standards. Key elements include structured data about components, relationships and properties, data-rich geometry, and documentation. International standards such as ISO 19650 guide information management, while formats like IFC enable interoperability. A common data environment (CDE) is often used to store and share models.

BIM enables design coordination, clash detection, 4D scheduling, quantity take-offs, and lifecycle asset management. Simulations for energy performance, daylight, and maintenance planning are common. In Finland, rakennustietomallinnus is increasingly integrated into procurement and project delivery to improve efficiency and transparency; practice emphasizes early collaboration among all stakeholders.

Adoption challenges include data quality, ownership and liability, evolving standards, and the need for skilled personnel. Success relies on clear information requirements, defined workflows, training, and governance structures that align with procurement and operation phases.