raioX

RaioX, or radiografia por raios X, is a technique that uses electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray range to visualize the interior of opaque objects. In medicine, dentistry, industry, and security, it provides non-destructive internal imaging that helps assess structure and composition without surgery.

X-ray images are produced when a source emits X-rays that pass through a subject and are attenuated by its tissues or materials. Denser or thicker regions absorb more radiation, resulting in lighter areas on the detector, while less dense areas appear darker. Modern systems often use digital detectors or computed radiography, enabling faster acquisition and image processing.

The technique dates to 1895, when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays and produced the first radiographs. Since then, radiography has evolved into several modalities, including standard two‑dimensional radiographs, fluoroscopy (real-time imaging), and computed tomography (CT), which reconstructs cross‑sectional anatomy from multiple images.

Primary applications include medical diagnosis (bone fractures, chest and abdominal conditions, dental imaging, mammography), industrial nondestructive testing (warranty inspection, material flaws), and security screening. Each application balances image quality against radiation exposure, guided by the ALARA principle (as low as reasonably achievable).

Safety considerations are central due to ionizing radiation risks. Dose optimization, shielding, proper technique, and regulatory controls help minimize exposure for patients, workers, and the public. Limitations include potential motion artifacts, limited soft-tissue contrast in standard radiographs, and the cumulative nature of exposure.