radiologii

Radiology is a medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose and treat disease. It relies on techniques to visualize the interior of the body, assess function, and guide therapies. Radiologists interpret images and work with clinicians to inform patient care, while radiologic technologists operate imaging equipment under supervision. The field also includes interventional radiology, which uses imaging guidance to perform minimally invasive procedures.

Common imaging modalities include X-ray radiography and fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine methods such as positron emission tomography (PET). Each modality has distinct strengths, limitations, and safety considerations. Interventional radiology applies imaging to perform procedures such as vascular access, biopsies, drain placements, ablations, and stent insertions, often as alternatives to open surgery.

History and development: Radiology began with the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895. The field expanded rapidly with the development of CT in the 1970s and MRI in the 1980s, greatly enhancing diagnostic capability and enabling image-guided therapies.

Safety and stewardship: Radiation protection is central, with the principle of keeping doses as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). Contrast agents used in CT and MRI carry specific risks, including allergies and kidney-related concerns; pre-procedure assessment is common. Procedures in radiology emphasize accuracy, patient safety, and appropriate use of imaging resources.

Training and practice: Radiologists are physicians who complete medical school, a radiology residency, and often subspecialty fellowships. Other professionals, such as radiologic technologists, contribute to image acquisition. The field supports multidisciplinary collaboration to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions.