radiofrekvensioablaatio

Radiofrekvensioablaatio (commonly referred to as radiofrequency ablation) is a minimally invasive medical procedure that uses high-frequency alternating current to generate heat, destroying targeted tissues. The technique was first developed in the 1970s for cardiac arrhythmia treatment and has since expanded to oncology, orthopedics, and pain management.

The procedure involves inserting a fine needle or catheter through the skin under imaging guidance such as ultrasound or computed tomography. Once the probe is positioned at the lesion, radiofrequency energy—typically in the range of 350–500 kHz—is delivered for several minutes. The resulting temperature, usually raised to 60–100 °C, induces coagulative necrosis of the surrounding cells. Due to its precision, radiofrequency ablation can be performed on tumors as small as 1 cm in diameter with limited collateral damage.

In oncology, radiofrequency ablation is used for hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and bone metastases, offering an alternative to surgical resection, especially in patients who are poor surgical candidates. For pain management, the technique targets spinal structures, sacral nerves or osteoid osteoma, providing long‑lasting relief. Cardiac applications mainly treat atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia by creating transmural lesions that block aberrant conduction.

Advantages of radiofrequency ablation include short recovery times, outpatient feasibility, and lower cost compared to traditional surgery. However, potential complications such as infection, bleeding, unintended tissue injury, and incomplete ablation may occur. Success rates vary by indication, with higher local control reported for small, well‑localized lesions. Continued advances in probe design, real‑time imaging, and temperature monitoring are improving safety and efficacy, making radiofrequency ablation a cornerstone of interventional radiology and minimally invasive therapy.