radarsensorer

Radarsensorer are devices that use radio waves to detect and locate objects by emitting signals and analyzing the reflections. They can determine range, relative speed and sometimes angle to targets. They operate in various frequency bands and are designed to function in different weather and lighting conditions, making them useful across automotive, industrial, security, aviation and meteorological applications.

Common operating principles include continuous-wave (CW) radar and pulsed radar. CW radars, often implemented as frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) systems, measure distance from the beat frequency created by mixing transmitted and received signals. Pulsed radars send short pulses and compute range from the time of flight; velocity can be inferred from Doppler shift.

Frequency bands: automotive radar commonly uses 24 GHz or 77 GHz, offering good resolution in compact packages. Weather radars use S, C, or X bands with higher power and longer range. Higher-frequency mmWave radars provide fine angular resolution but require higher costs and processing.

Applications: in vehicles for adaptive cruise control, collision avoidance, and parking sensors; industrial for level measurement, presence sensing, robotics; security and perimeter protection; aviation for ground and obstacle monitoring; meteorology for precipitation mapping.

Advantages include all-weather operation, long range, fast response and non-contact sensing. Limitations include sensitivity to clutter, multipath reflections, regulatory limits on emitted power, interference between sensors, resolution depending on bandwidth, and higher cost for higher frequencies.

The field is moving toward sensor fusion with cameras and LiDAR, higher integration in semiconductor chips (chip-scale radars), and wider adoption of mmWave radar in consumer electronics.