rácshálózatra

A rácshálózat, also known in English as a mesh network, is a decentralized network topology in which each node connects to several other nodes, creating a mesh of connections. In this configuration, data can be routed through multiple paths from source to destination, improving resilience and load distribution. The term originates from the Hungarian word *rács*, meaning “grid” or “mesh”, reflecting the network’s structured yet redundant layout.

Mesh networks can be classified into several types. A full mesh, where every node is directly connected to every other node, provides the highest reliability but is expensive to scale due to the large number of links required. A partial or incomplete mesh, common in practical deployments, connects each node to only a few neighbors. Wireless mesh networks use radio links and are typically used for community Wi‑Fi, emergency communication systems, and large-scale sensor deployments. In addition, layer‑2 and layer‑3 mesh protocols exist, with the former optimizing local traffic switching and the latter enabling dynamic routing across subnets.

The principal advantages of a mesh topology include fault tolerance: if one link fails, the network can reroute traffic through an alternate path. Scalability is also improved because adding nodes generally involves establishing a few new connections without disturbing the existing infrastructure. However, the disadvantages involve complexity in routing protocols, increased overhead for maintaining links, and potential latency due to multi‑hop transmissions. Predictions for future developments involve greater integration with software‑defined networking and the deployment of mesh techniques in Internet‑of‑Things environments.

Historical milestones include the early research on ad‑hoc networks in the 1990s, the introduction of IEEE 802.11s for wireless mesh, and commercial implementations in community Wi‑Fi projects such as the Open Garden. Mesh networking continues to evolve as a critical technology for resilient communication in both urban and remote settings.