adhoc

Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning for this purpose or for this situation. In English, it is used as an adjective or adverb to describe actions, structures, or solutions that are designed to address a specific problem or task, rather than being intended as general or permanent provisions.

In organizational contexts, an ad hoc committee is formed to deal with a particular issue and is typically dissolved after the assigned task is completed. Such committees are common in government, corporations, and civic groups, where temporary expertise or focus is needed without creating ongoing governance structures.

In technology and communications, an ad hoc network is a network that is created spontaneously without relying on a fixed infrastructure. Wireless ad hoc networks allow devices to connect directly to one another and can form varying mesh or star topologies as nodes join and leave. These networks are often contrasted with infrastructure-based networks that depend on centralized access points or fixed routers.

In research and analysis, ad hoc methods or analyses are developed to address a specific question or problem, sometimes outside of a preplanned study design. While they can be practical for exploring new data, ad hoc approaches are often described as less generalizable or more exploratory than preplanned, theory-driven methods.

The term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on context, implying a solution or mechanism created for a particular case rather than a broadly applicable standard. Careful use is advised when generalizability or long-term commitment is a consideration.