pétition

A pétition is a formal written request addressed to a person or body in authority, asking for action, redress, or a decision. The term comes from the French pétition, which in turn derives from Latin petitio, “a seeking or request,” and from petere, “to seek.” In English-language usage the word petition is common, while pétition is used in French-language contexts or to emphasize a legal or civic dimension.

In politics and civil society, pétitions are a standard instrument of participatory democracy. They allow individuals or groups to present grievances, articulate demands, and demonstrate broad support by collecting signatures. Modern systems often provide electronic petition platforms, sometimes with thresholds that trigger official consideration or a public response. Petitions can cover local matters or national policy, and may be directed at legislators, executives, or administrative agencies.

In legal contexts, a petition is also a procedural document filed with a court or other authority to initiate action or request a remedy. Examples include a petition for divorce, a petition for a writ, or a petition for probate. The exact requirements—such as form, content, and signature validation—vary by jurisdiction and legal tradition.

Rights and practice: The right to petition the government is protected in many democracies as part of freedom of expression and participation. In the European Union, individuals can submit petitions to the European Parliament, and many countries maintain formal processes for addressing civic petitions within administrative or legislative systems. The concept has historical roots in petitions presented to monarchs and assemblies and remains a common channel for public demand and legal action.