périnéale

Périnéale, in English perineal, is an anatomical term that denotes structures related to the perineum. The perineum is the region between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx, bounded laterally by the thighs. In humans it is divided by a line between the ischial tuberosities into the anterior urogenital triangle and the posterior anal triangle. The perineal body is a central fibromuscular point that anchors several pelvic and perineal muscles.

The perineal region contains muscle groups arranged in superficial and deep layers. The superficial perineal pouch houses muscles such as the bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and the superficial transverse perineal muscles, along with associated structures. The deep perineal pouch contains muscles including the sphincter urethrae (external urethral sphincter) and the deep transverse perineal muscles. The external anal sphincter surrounds the anal canal, while the levator ani muscles form the core of the pelvic floor. The perineum is supplied by the pudendal nerve and its branches, with arterial supply from the internal pudendal vessels and corresponding venous drainage; lymphatic drainage typically follows to the superficial inguinal nodes.

Functionally, the périnéale supports pelvic organs, maintains continence, and contributes to sexual function. In females, it supports the urethra, vagina, and associated structures; in males, it contributes to the support of the penis and urethra. Clinically, the perineum is involved in obstetric perineal tears, traumatic injuries, chronic perineal pain, and certain surgical approaches in urology and colorectal surgery.