pénuries
Pénuries is the French term used in economics and policy analysis to describe shortages—instances where the available supply of a good, service, or resource is insufficient to meet demand at prevailing prices. The concept applies across markets and can be temporary or systemic. Pénuries can arise in consumer goods, energy, housing, labor, or capital goods, and they may be regional or national in scope.
Causes include production disruptions, logistics bottlenecks, price controls or subsidies that distort incentives, export restrictions, natural
Impacts of pénuries include higher prices, inflationary pressure, rationing, and the emergence of black markets. They
Measurement of pénuries relies on indicators such as stock levels, days of supply, price spikes, and frequency
See also: scarcity, shortage, supply chain disruption, inflation, rationing.