päänälle

Päänälle is a Finnish term that translates to "head moth" or "head lice" in English. It refers to the common parasitic insect, Pediculus humanus capitis, which infests the scalp of humans. These tiny, wingless creatures feed on blood and can cause itching and irritation.

Päänälle are typically pale gray or brown and about the size of a sesame seed. They lay their eggs, called nits, on the hair shafts close to the scalp. Nits are small, oval, and firmly attached to the hair, often appearing as tiny white or yellowish specks. They are more difficult to see than the adult lice.

Transmission of päänälle occurs through direct head-to-head contact. They can also spread through shared personal items like combs, brushes, hats, and scarves, although this is less common. Päänälle do not fly or jump and cannot survive off a human host for extended periods.

The primary symptom of a päänälle infestation is intense itching of the scalp. This itching is caused by an allergic reaction to the lice's saliva. In some cases, scratching can lead to secondary bacterial infections of the skin.

Diagnosis is made by visually inspecting the scalp and hair for live lice or nits. Over-the-counter and prescription medications, such as shampoos, lotions, and rinses containing insecticides, are available for treatment. Thorough combing with a fine-toothed comb is also an essential part of treatment to remove lice and nits. Environmental decontamination of bedding, clothing, and personal items is also recommended to prevent re-infestation.