puristushäiriön

Puristushäiriö, also known as a compression disorder or crush syndrome, is a medical emergency that occurs when significant pressure is applied to a limb or body part for an extended period. This prolonged compression restricts blood flow, leading to tissue damage and the release of harmful substances into the bloodstream. The primary cause of puristushäiriö is often entrapment, such as in collapsed buildings during earthquakes or other disasters, but it can also result from prolonged immobility or being caught in machinery.

The severity of puristushäiriö depends on the duration and extent of the compression. When the pressure is released, reperfusion occurs, meaning blood flow is restored. This influx of oxygenated blood can trigger a cascade of damaging effects. Muscles, deprived of oxygen for too long, begin to break down, releasing myoglobin, potassium, and other cellular contents into the circulation. These substances can overwhelm the kidneys, leading to acute kidney failure, and can also cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and metabolic disturbances.

Symptoms of puristushäiriö include severe pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected limb. The limb may appear pale or discolored and may be swollen. Systemic symptoms can develop rapidly after the release of pressure and may include nausea, vomiting, confusion, and a decrease in urine output. Immediate medical attention is crucial. Treatment involves rapid fluid resuscitation to support kidney function, pain management, and addressing any immediate life-threatening complications. Early recognition and intervention are key to improving outcomes and preventing severe long-term damage.