punido

Punido is a term used in Spanish and Portuguese to denote that someone or something has been subjected to punishment. It functions primarily as the past participle of the verb punir (to punish) and can serve as an adjective or in passive constructions.

In Spanish, punido can describe a person or entity that has experienced punishment, as in el hombre punido (the punished man). It also appears in passive-voice phrases with ser, such as fue punido por el juez (he was punished by the judge). In compound tenses with haber, the form punido appears as part of perfect constructions when punir is the main verb, for example, ha punido (he has punished). The word is generally clearer in contexts that emphasize the act of punishment rather than a formal legal verdict.

In Portuguese, punido has a closely related use as the past participle of punir and can be used with ser or estar to form passive meanings, for instance, ele foi punido (he was punished). It may also function as an adjective: os homens punidos (the punished men). As in Spanish, the more common legal term for someone condemned under law is often condenado, whereas punido highlights the experience of punishment itself.

Etymology traces punido back to the Latin punire, contributing to its cognates in other Romance languages. In contemporary usage, punido appears across legal, news, and literary texts, typically to describe punishment as an outcome rather than to denote a formal sentence in all contexts. See also punir, condenar, and related terms for broader linguistic and legal usage.