ptychosis

Ptychosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of hair, particularly on the eyelids. The term derives from the Greek word "ptychē," meaning fold or crease, referring to the way the skin folds due to the excessive hair growth. In individuals with ptychosis, the eyelashes and eyebrows grow abnormally long and thick, often curling inwards and irritating the eye. This inward curling, known as trichiasis, can lead to chronic discomfort, redness, and even damage to the cornea.

The exact cause of ptychosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning only one copy of the altered gene is needed to cause the condition. However, sporadic cases have also been reported. The genetic mutations associated with ptychosis affect hair follicle development and growth regulation.

Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination of the affected individual's eyes and facial features. There is no cure for ptychosis, and treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and preventing complications. This often involves regular epilation of the excessive eyelashes to relieve irritation and reduce the risk of corneal abrasions or infections. In some cases, surgical interventions may be considered to permanently reduce hair growth or correct eyelid abnormalities. Management requires ongoing ophthalmological care.