przyswojony

Przyswojony is a Polish adjective and past participle formed from the verb przyswoić, meaning to acquire, absorb or internalize knowledge, skills, or habits. It denotes something that has been learned and incorporated into a person’s memory, repertoire, or behavior, not merely encountered. The term is common in education, psychology and everyday language.

The form derives from przyswoić and has masculine (przyswojony), feminine (przyswojona) and neuter (przyswojone) variants. It is typically used attributively to describe information or capabilities that have been internalized, such as przyswojona wiedza or przyswojone umiejętności. Phrases can be both przyswojona wiedza or wiedza przyswojona; both are natural in Polish.

Usage and nuance: przyswojony emphasizes the result of deliberate learning, often implying durability and integration into one’s cognitive schema or routines. It is not identical to understood (zrozumiany) or accepted (zaakceptowany); rather, it signals that material has been stored and can be readily recalled or applied. In formal writing, przyswojone informacje are treated as internalized facts; in linguistic contexts, przyswojony język indicates language that has been absorbed through exposure and practice.

Related terms include przyswojenie (the process of acquisition), nabycie (another term for acquisition) and internalization concepts in psychology. The word is widely understood in Polish, with usage spanning education, cognitive science and everyday speech.