protruberances

A protuberance is a projection or bulge sticking out from a surface. This term is commonly used in various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, geology, and astronomy. In anatomy, protuberances can refer to bony outgrowths or soft tissue extensions on the body. For example, the occipital protuberance is a bony landmark on the skull. In geology, protuberances can describe elevated features on the Earth's surface, such as mountains or volcanic cones. The term can also be applied to irregularities in the shape of minerals or rocks. In astronomy, protuberances are large, bright features extending outward from the Sun's surface, often seen during solar eclipses or with specialized instruments. These solar protuberances are typically composed of plasma and can reach vast distances into space. The general concept of a protuberance is a deviation from a smooth or flat surface, forming an outward extension or swelling.