propylen12diol

Propylene 1,2-diol, also known as 1,2-propanediol or simply propylene glycol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2. It is a viscous, colorless liquid that is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Propylene glycol is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform, owing to its two hydroxyl groups which facilitate hydrogen bonding.

The synthesis of propylene glycol typically involves the hydration of propylene oxide. This reaction is exothermic and can be carried out under various conditions, often employing water as a reactant and catalyst. The resulting product is a diol, meaning it contains two alcohol functional groups.

Propylene glycol finds widespread application across numerous industries. In the food industry, it is used as a humectant, solvent, and preservative, appearing in items like baked goods, flavorings, and pet food. The pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors utilize it as a solvent for active ingredients and as a moisturizer in skincare products, lotions, and toothpaste. Its low toxicity and ability to depress the freezing point of water make it a key component in antifreeze and de-icing fluids, particularly in applications where non-toxicity is a concern. It also serves as a plasticizer and a precursor in the production of unsaturated polyester resins.