pronated

Pronated is the adjective form of pronate, describing the position or movement where a part of the body is rotated so that the front faces downward or backward from the anatomical position. In the forearm, pronation rotates the radius around the ulna, causing the palm to face toward the floor or the back of the hand. The opposite movement is supination.

Pronation also describes how the foot or ankle moves during standing and walking. A pronated foot tends to have lowered arches and a inward roll, causing the weight to shift toward the inside of the foot. Normal pronation occurs as part of a typical gait, but excessive or prolonged pronation (overpronation) can be associated with various injuries and discomfort, including plantar fasciitis, shin splints, and knee pain.

In practical and clinical contexts, pronated can describe posture, movement, or grip. For example, a pronated grip (overhand grip) is used in certain exercises and lifting techniques. Forearm pronation is produced by specific muscles, notably the pronator teres and pronator quadratus, and is balanced by the muscles that produce supination. Overall, pronated denotes a positional or functional state related to rotation inward, and it is not a standalone disease but a characteristic that can influence biomechanics and injury risk.