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Productivity refers to the efficiency with which goods or services are produced. It is a measure of output per unit of input. In economics, productivity is often measured as output per labor hour, but it can also be measured in terms of capital, energy, or other inputs. Higher productivity generally leads to economic growth and improved living standards.

There are several factors that influence productivity. Technological advancements often play a significant role, as new tools and processes can streamline operations and increase output. The quality of the labor force, including education, skills, and training, is also crucial. Access to and the efficient use of capital, such as machinery and infrastructure, further contribute to productivity levels. Management practices and organizational efficiency can also impact how effectively resources are utilized.

Improving productivity can be achieved through various strategies. Investing in research and development can lead to innovations that enhance production methods. Training and developing employees equips them with the skills needed to perform tasks more effectively. Streamlining workflows and eliminating bottlenecks in processes can also boost output. Furthermore, fostering a positive work environment and providing adequate resources can motivate workers and improve their overall efficiency. Governments and businesses often focus on increasing productivity as a means to enhance competitiveness and economic prosperity.