priapisim

Priapisim is not a standard medical term; the condition commonly referred to in medical literature is priapism. Priapism is a prolonged penile erection that lasts more than four hours and is not accompanied by ongoing sexual arousal. It can be classified as ischemic (low-flow) priapism or non-ischemic (high-flow) priapism, with ischemic being more common and typically painful. Prompt evaluation is important to prevent penile tissue damage and lasting erectile dysfunction.

Causes and risk factors include hematologic conditions such as sickle cell disease and leukemia, trauma to the penis or perineum, spinal cord injuries, and use of certain medications or substances. Drugs associated with priapism include some antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticoagulants, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors used for erectile dysfunction, and recreational drugs like cocaine. Dehydration, alcohol use, and certain medical illnesses can also contribute. Priapism can occur at any age, including children, though the causes and management differ by age group.

Symptoms and diagnosis depend on the type. Ischemic priapism is usually painful, with a rigid penis and little penile venous outflow; non-ischemic priapism may be less painful or uncomfortable and can result from arterial injury. Diagnosis involves history, physical examination, and sometimes penile blood gas analysis, ultrasound with Doppler, or imaging to identify blood flow and associated injuries.

Treatment requires urgent medical care. For ischemic priapism, initial management includes analgesia, aspiration of blood from the corpora cavernosa with irrigation, and injection of a sympathomimetic agent such as phenylephrine. If these measures fail, surgical shunts or embolization may be considered. Non-ischemic priapism often resolves spontaneously or with observation, though intervention may be pursued if it persists.

The term priapism derives from the Greek god Priapus. In various languages, related terms such as priapismus or priapismo are used. Proper management improves outcomes and reduces the risk of long-term erectile dysfunction.