presbyterianism

Presbyterianism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that traces its origins to the Scottish Reformation of the 16th century. It is characterized by a form of church government in which all church courts are composed of a balanced number of elders, who are elected by the congregation, and ministers. These courts, known as presbyteries, are organized hierarchically, with local congregations governed by sessions, which then send representatives to regional presbyteries, and finally to a general assembly.

Theology within Presbyterianism is largely based on the teachings of John Calvin and John Knox. Key doctrines include the sovereignty of God, the authority of Scripture, salvation by grace through faith, and the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper. Presbyterian churches often emphasize education, social justice, and a strong tradition of preaching. Different Presbyterian denominations exist worldwide, with varying degrees of adherence to traditional doctrines and practices. The Presbyterian Church (USA) is one of the largest such denominations in the United States, while the Church of Scotland holds a prominent position in Scotland. The movement has a rich history of intellectual engagement and missionary work.