presbiterio

Presbiterio is a term used in Christian church architecture and ecclesiology to designate the part of a church near the altar that is reserved for the officiating clergy during worship. Architecturally, it is typically a raised or elevated area called the chancel or sanctuary, separated from the nave by a rail, screen, or other barrier. The presbyterium commonly contains the main altar, the sedilia (seats for priests), the credence table, and, in many traditions, the bishop’s throne or cathedra. Its exact configuration varies by rite, jurisdiction, and historical period; in some churches it corresponds closely to what is called the chancel, while in others it is a distinct zone within the sanctuary.

Etymology and ecclesiology: presbiterio derives from Latin presbyterium, from presbyter “elder,” referring to the body of ordained elders or presbyters. In ecclesiological terms the presbyterium denotes the space used by presbyters, deacons, and bishops during liturgical actions.

Relation to other spaces: the presbyterium is sometimes described as synonymous with the chancel, but in certain traditions the chancel may encompass a broader area including the choir. The sanctuary is the broader liturgical space that includes the altar and presbyterium.

History: the concept and architectural treatment of the presbyterium developed in late antiquity and the medieval period, becoming a standardized feature in many Western churches. In various Protestant churches, layout and prominence of the presbyterium can differ, reflecting different liturgical practices.

See also: chancel, sanctuary, altar, presbyterate.