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Premolars are a type of tooth located in the human mouth. They are part of the dentition, the set of teeth found in the jaws of humans and other animals. Premolars are found between the incisors and molars in both the upper and lower jaws.

Premolars are generally larger than incisors and have a distinctive shape with two cusps, or elevated areas, on their surface. They are designed for crushing, tearing, and grinding food, playing a crucial role in the process of mastication, or chewing.

There are typically two to four premolars in each jaw quadrant, but this can vary depending on the individual and their genetics. Premolars are also known as bicuspids because of their two cusps. They are an important part of the dental arch, helping to support the shape of the jaw and facilitate the efficient movement of the jaws.

Premolars are gradually replaced by molars in the upper jaw, as the upper jaw narrows and the lower jaw widens. Premolars are also replaced by molars in the lower jaw, but in a slightly different sequence. In some cases, premolars may be missing or misshapen due to various factors such as genetics, trauma, or dental caries.

The term "premolar" comes from the Latin words "pre," meaning before, and "molaris," meaning molar. This refers to their position between the incisors and molars in the dental arch. Premolars play a vital role in oral function and are of significant interest in dental research and practice.