powwows

Powwows are social gatherings among Indigenous peoples in North America that feature drum singing, dancing, and cultural exchange. The term powwow comes from a word found in Algonquian languages, often associated with a spiritual leader, and was adopted by English speakers to describe these gatherings.

Modern powwows began in the 19th century among Indigenous communities and evolved into intertribal events in the 20th century. Today they are held across the United States and Canada and serve as both cultural celebrations and community gatherings, with many annual events that draw attendees from diverse backgrounds.

Most powwows include a grand entry, during which dancers and drum groups enter the arena to songs, followed by singing, drumming, and intertribal dancing between sets. Known dance categories include Men's Traditional, Men's Fancy, Women's Traditional, Women's Jingle Dress, Women's Fancy Shawl, and Grass Dance, among others. Dancers wear regalia decorated with beadwork, embroidery, feathers, quillwork, and bells, reflecting tribal heritage and individual artistry. Vendors may sell crafts, regalia pieces, and food, contributing to a marketplace atmosphere.

Powwows function as living expressions of Indigenous culture, history, and identity. Etiquette emphasizes respect for participants and traditions, including asking before taking photographs, avoiding handling regalia, and following event rules. While many powwows are open to the public and welcome non-Indigenous attendees, participants may have ceremonial responsibilities, and hosts may set guidelines for dress and behavior. Some powwows are competitive, offering prizes in various dance categories.