powolny

Powolny is a Polish adjective that denotes slow movement or pace, and by extension a deliberate, unhurried approach. It can describe physical speed, the tempo of events, or the duration of a process: powolny ruch, powolny rozwój, powolne tempo. In neutral contexts it often conveys a measured or restrained quality, while in negative contexts it can imply excessive slowness or hindrance.

Powolny can also be used metaphorically to express careful planning or deliberation: powolny, rozważny plan; a decision described as powolny suggests that it was made after thorough consideration rather than quickly. The adverb form is powoli, as in Pracuję powoli (I am working slowly). The related noun powolność denotes slowness or pace, and Polish forms its degrees with standard adjective morphology (bardziej powolny, najbardziej powolny).

Etymology and related forms: powolny is generally connected with wolny, meaning free or slow, and with the adverb powoli. The exact historical development is not always clear, but the sense of gradual speed and deliberate pace is longstanding in Polish.

Other notes: Powolny may appear as a surname or in compound names in Polish-language texts, though it is not among the most common surnames. In literary, musical, and cultural contexts, powolny is used to describe a slow tempo, a gradual evolution of events, or a careful, unhurried approach.