postnasale

Postnasal drip, also known as postnasal drainage, is the sensation or experience of mucus accumulating in the back of the throat as mucus drains from the nasal cavity through the nasopharynx. It is a common symptom rather than a disease and can be transient or persistent.

Causes and contributing factors include viruses causing upper respiratory infections, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), nonallergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, and structural issues such as a deviated septum. Irritants like cigarette smoke, pollution, and temperature changes can worsen drainage. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and certain medications may also contribute to postnasal drainage in some people.

Symptoms commonly reported with postnasal drip include a constant need to clear the throat, coughing that is often worse at night, throat irritation or soreness, hoarseness, a bitter or salty taste, bad breath, and sometimes sleep disturbance due to coughing or throat clearing.

Diagnosis is typically clinical, based on medical history and physical examination. In persistent cases, physicians may perform nasal endoscopy or imaging such as a sinus CT to evaluate for chronic rhinosinusitis or structural problems. Evaluation for underlying causes like GERD, allergies, or asthma may be undertaken if needed.

Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include saline nasal irrigation, intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines for allergies, and short courses of decongestants. Other measures include avoiding irritants, staying hydrated, humidification, and treating concurrent conditions (such as GERD or sinusitis). Prognosis is generally favorable with appropriate management; chronic cases may require ongoing care.