pooljuhtpõhised

The term "pooljuhtpõhised" translates from Estonian to English as "semiconductor-based." This refers to devices, materials, or technologies that utilize semiconductors as their fundamental component. Semiconductors are materials with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, a property that can be manipulated by introducing impurities (doping) or by applying external stimuli like electric fields or light.

The most ubiquitous application of semiconductor-based technology is in electronics. Transistors, the building blocks of virtually all modern electronic devices, are made from semiconductors. These include integrated circuits (ICs), microprocessors, memory chips, and diodes. The ability to control the flow of electricity in semiconductor materials has revolutionized computing, communication, and countless other industries.

Beyond traditional electronics, semiconductor-based technologies are vital in optoelectronics, where they interact with light. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and solar cells are all semiconductor-based devices. LEDs have transformed lighting and display technologies, while solar cells harness solar energy through the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon occurring in semiconductor materials.

The study and development of semiconductor-based materials and devices, often referred to as solid-state physics and engineering, is a vast and continuously evolving field. Ongoing research aims to create new semiconductor materials with enhanced properties, miniaturize existing components further, and develop novel applications in areas such as quantum computing and advanced sensors.