poníení

Poníení, often written ponížení in Czech and poníženie in Slovak, corresponds to the English term humiliation. It designates the act, process, or experience of lowering another person’s dignity or self-respect. Poníení can be intentional or unintentional and may occur in private, public, or digital contexts.

Etymology: the noun derives from the verb ponížit (Czech) or ponížiť (Slovak), formed with the prefix po- and the root nížit meaning to debase or lower. The noun ponížení (Czech) or poníženie (Slovak) expresses the action or result of diminishing dignity.

Contexts and effects: common forms include verbal insults, shaming, social exclusion, public ridicule, or bureaucratic or institutional processes that strip a person of dignity. The psychological and social effects can range from distress and anxiety to reduced self-esteem, withdrawal, and, in some cases, retaliation. Humiliation often intersects with harassment, discrimination, and abuse, and it can be experienced as a personal harm or as part of broader power dynamics.

Response and prevention: addressing poníení involves promoting respectful communication, clear anti-harassment policies, and bystander intervention. In some settings, restorative justice and dignity-centered practices can help repair harm. Legally and ethically, humiliation can be part of abuse or discrimination and may trigger rights-based remedies in workplaces, schools, or public institutions. Cultural sensitivity matters, since norms around dignity differ across contexts.

See also: humiliation, shame, stigma, harassment.