polyyppeja

Polyyppeja are abnormal tissue growths that project from mucous membranes or glandular epithelium. They can occur in many parts of the body but are most commonly detected in the colon, stomach, nasal cavities, sinuses, uterus, and urinary bladder. They are not a single disease but a category of lesions that can be benign or precancerous, depending on their type and location.

Polyyppeja are broadly classified as neoplastic and non-neoplastic. Neoplastic polyps include adenomatous polyps, which have a potential to progress to cancer if not removed. Non-neoplastic polyps include hyperplastic, inflammatory, and hamartomatous polyps, which are generally less likely to become cancerous. The clinical significance of a given polyp depends on its histological type, size, number, and location.

Symptoms vary by location. Many polyyppeja, especially in the colon, are asymptomatic and found during routine screening. When symptoms occur, they may include gastrointestinal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, nasal obstruction or reduced sense of smell, or abnormal uterine bleeding in the case of uterine polyps. Diagnosis relies on visualization and tissue sampling: colonoscopy or upper endoscopy for gastrointestinal polyps, nasal endoscopy for nasal polyps, and ultrasound or hysteroscopy for uterine polyps, with histopathology confirming the type.

Treatment generally involves removal of the polyp when feasible. Colonoscopic polypectomy is common for colorectal polyps; nasal polyps may respond to corticosteroid therapy and may require surgical removal if persistent. Uterine polyps are often removed via hysteroscopy. Follow-up surveillance is common, especially for colon neoplastic polyps due to recurrence and cancer risk. Prognosis is favorable after complete removal for most non-neoplastic polyps, while neoplastic polyps carry a higher cancer-related risk if not addressed. See also polyp and related endoscopic procedures.