polytheist

Polytheist refers to a person who believes in and typically worships multiple deities. In polytheistic systems, gods or goddesses have distinct identities, personalities, and domains, and devotees may honor several deities rather than a single supreme being. The term covers adherents of classical polytheistic religions as well as individuals who practice polytheism or reconstructionist paths within modern spirituality.

Polytheism is contrasted with monotheism, which centers on belief in one god. Some traditions mix elements of both approaches, such as henotheism or kathenotheism, where devotees worship one god while acknowledging others. In practice, polytheists may perform rituals, offer libations or sacrifices, and celebrate festivals tied to particular deities, seasons, or mythic narratives.

Historically, well-known polytheistic systems include ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Norse religions, as well as Hinduism, with its many deities and regional cults. Shinto in Japan is another major living example. In the modern era, many polytheists participate in neopagan movements or reconstructionist paths, including Hellenism, Kemetism, and Norse paganism.

Context and practice vary widely. Some adherents worship a full pantheon, others focus on a handful of deities, and some follow a syncretic or eclectic approach. The label "polytheist" may apply to individuals in organized religious communities or to people who pursue multiple devotional relationships outside formal structures.