neopagan

Neopaganism is a broad umbrella term for modern religious movements that draw inspiration from ancient pagan beliefs of Europe and the Near East, often reimagined for contemporary practice. It emerged in the 20th century and gained visibility in the 1960s and 1970s through the occult revival, feminist spirituality, and countercultural currents. The term encompasses a variety of paths, including Wicca, modern Druidry, Hellenism (Hellenic polytheism), Heathenry (such as Asatru), Celtic Reconstructionism, and eclectic or polytheist practices. Beliefs and practices vary widely, with some adherents worshiping a pantheon of deities, others honoring nature and ancestral spirits, and many combining both elements.

Common features often include reverence for nature, the personal experience of the divine, and ritual activities that may occur in solitary settings or within groups such as covens or study circles. Seasonal festivals marking the wheel of the year, such as solstices and equinoxes, are frequently observed, as are ritual tools, sacred spaces, and, in some traditions, spellwork or magic as an auxiliary practice. Ethical frameworks differ among paths; some follow codes such as the Wiccan Rede or similar guidelines, while others emphasize ecological stewardship, personal responsibility, and community service.

Neopagan communities are diverse and globally distributed, with varied social and demographic profiles and generally inclusive attitudes toward gender and sexuality. Discussions within the movement often address issues such as cultural appropriation, historical reconstruction versus innovation, and the balance between secrecy and openness. Overall, neopaganism represents a contemporary revival and reimagining of polytheistic spirituality centered on nature, ritual practice, and personal spiritual experience.