reconstructionist

Reconstructionist Judaism is a modern movement that views Judaism as an evolving religious civilization rather than a fixed set of beliefs. It was founded in the early 20th century by Mordecai Kaplan, who sought to reinterpret Jewish tradition in light of modern culture and pluralism. The movement is non-Orthodox, distinct from Reform and Conservative streams, while sharing commitments to Jewish peoplehood, ethical living, and democratic community life.

Theology and practice: God is understood as a concept reflecting moral and communal ideals, not necessarily a personal deity issuing commandments. Revelation is seen as ongoing, expressed through study, discussion, and communal ritual. Jewish law is viewed as a human, evolving creation shaped by contemporary needs. Judaism is understood as a civilization with language, ritual, art, and culture at its core, and beliefs are encouraged to be diverse.

Ethics and inclusion: The movement emphasizes social justice and equality. Congregations commonly practice egalitarian worship, ordain women and LGBTQ clergy, and welcome interfaith families and converts. Liturgy and ritual are revised to reflect modern sensibilities while preserving continuity with tradition.

Institutions and influence: The movement maintains its own educational and clerical institutions, including the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College, which trains rabbis and Jewish educators. It operates congregations, study groups, and publications that promote study and democratic leadership. Though smaller than Reform and Conservative bodies, Reconstructionism has influenced broader Jewish thought by treating Judaism as an evolving, inclusive civilization.