polyarteritisnoden

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare, systemic vasculitis characterized by inflammation of the medium and small arteries throughout the body. It primarily affects the medium-sized arteries, leading to the formation of granulomas and the deposition of immune complexes. PAN is more common in men, typically between the ages of 30 and 60, and is often associated with other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome.

The exact cause of PAN is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder triggered by an infection or other environmental factors. The disease manifests with a variety of symptoms, including fever, weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal pain. Skin manifestations, such as livedo reticularis (purple, reticulated skin lesions), and peripheral neuropathy are also common. The diagnosis of PAN is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies.

Treatment of PAN usually involves a combination of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and sometimes cytotoxic drugs. The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation and prevent the formation of granulomas. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to address complications such as aneurysms or bowel obstruction. Prognosis varies depending on the extent of disease involvement and the response to treatment. Early diagnosis and aggressive management are crucial for improving outcomes.