politeistes

Politeistes, also spelled polytheists in English, are adherents of polytheism, a religious worldview that posits multiple deities, each with distinct identities, domains, and myths. In polytheistic systems, gods may govern natural forces, human endeavors, or moral orders, and believers may worship several deities in ritual and prayer, often choosing patrons depending on context or personal devotion. Polytheism stands in contrast to monotheism, though some traditions blend elements of both, and to atheism. Within polytheism, distinctions such as henotheism (devotion to one god while acknowledging others) or monolatry are used to describe practices that center on a single deity.

Historically, polytheistic belief was widespread in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and during the Norse and Celtic eras, as well as in Hinduism, Shinto, and many indigenous traditions. Hinduism features a diverse pantheon with many gods and goddesses; some strands emphasize devotion to one deity while recognizing others. Ancient polytheisms often organized around temples, priestly hierarchies, myth cycles, and ritual calendars.

In the modern era, polytheism continues in revived or reconstructed forms and in contemporary neopagan movements, including Heathenry, Hellenism, and various eclectic traditions. Practices vary but commonly include festivals, offerings, divination, deity-centered rituals, and the cultivation of relationships with particular gods and spirits.

Scholars emphasize that polytheism is a broad and flexible category that reflects historical contexts, local cultures, and personal devotion. The term polytheist applies to adherents of many different religious systems whose central belief is in multiple gods rather than a single supreme deity.