podkova

Podkova is the term used in several Slavic languages for a horseshoe, a U-shaped metal plate fitted to a horse’s hoof to protect the hoof and improve traction. It is typically made of iron or steel and attached by nails driven through the hoof wall and clinched on the inside; lighter designs use aluminum or composite materials, and some shoes are glued on rather than nailed.

Construction and use: Traditional nailed shoes are shaped to follow the underside of the hoof and are held in place by a series of hoof nails. Farriers trim the hoof and fit the shoe to the horse’s anatomy and workload, ensuring proper balance and clearance. Glue-on and snap-on options exist for horses with sensitive hooves or for specific disciplines, and specialty shoes may incorporate studs, clips, or traction devices for enhanced grip on varying surfaces.

History: The practice of protecting hooves with metal shoes developed in Europe during the Middle Ages, enabling longer work periods and heavy draft work. Earlier, some cultures used leather or bare hooves for protection, but metal shoes became standard for many working horses. The design and materials have evolved to improve fit, durability, and performance in riding, racing, and farm labor.

Cultural significance and etymology: In many cultures, the horseshoe is a symbol of good luck, and traditions vary on how it should be displayed. The word podkova derives from Slavic roots meaning “under” and “shoe,” reflecting its role as the covering that goes beneath the hoof. See also farriery and hoof care.