plasztifikálók

Plasztifikálók, commonly known as plasticizers, are additive substances that increase the plasticity or fluidity of a material. They are typically added to polymers, most notably polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to make them softer and more flexible. Without plasticizers, PVC is a rigid material. The mechanism of plasticization involves the plasticizer molecules intercalating between the polymer chains, reducing the intermolecular forces and increasing the free volume. This allows the polymer chains to move past each other more easily, resulting in a lower glass transition temperature and enhanced flexibility.

A wide variety of chemical compounds can function as plasticizers. Phthalates, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP), have historically been the most widely used. However, concerns about their potential health and environmental effects have led to increased research and use of alternative plasticizers, including adipates, citrates, terephthalates, and bio-based plasticizers derived from renewable resources like vegetable oils. The choice of plasticizer depends on the specific polymer, the desired properties of the final product, cost considerations, and regulatory requirements.

Plasticizers are essential in the production of numerous everyday items. They are found in flexible PVC products such as electrical cable insulation, flooring, wall coverings, automotive interiors, medical devices like blood bags and tubing, toys, and synthetic leather. The ability to tailor the flexibility and other physical properties of polymers through the use of plasticizers makes them indispensable in modern manufacturing.