planografian
Planografian refers to printing processes that rely on planography, a class of methods in which the printing surface remains flat during printing. In planographic processes, image and non-image areas lie on the same plane, yet ink adheres only to the image areas because dampening water creates a barrier on the non-image area. This approach contrasts with relief printing, where the image is raised, and with intaglio, where the image is incised.
The best-known form of planografian is lithography, developed by Alois Senefelder in the late 18th century.
Planografian also encompasses related modern practices, including photolithography and digital plate technologies used in contemporary mass
Compared with other printing methods, planografian offers high resolution, strong tonal range, and versatility across substrates,