pirolízis

Pirolízis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures in an oxygen-free environment. This process essentially breaks down complex organic molecules into simpler ones through the application of heat. The primary products of pirolízis are typically a solid residue known as char, a liquid or semi-liquid called bio-oil or tar, and a non-condensable gas mixture. The specific composition and proportions of these products depend heavily on the feedstock used, the temperature, the heating rate, and the residence time within the reactor.

The feedstock for pirolízis can be diverse, including biomass such as wood, agricultural residues, and energy crops, as well as plastics, tires, and other waste materials. When applied to biomass, pirolízis is often considered a method for producing biofuels and bio-based chemicals. The char produced can be used as a soil amendment or as a solid fuel. The bio-oil can be further processed into transportation fuels or used as a chemical feedstock. The gaseous products can be burned for energy or utilized in other industrial processes.

Pirolízis operates at temperatures generally ranging from 300°C to 700°C. Faster heating rates and shorter residence times tend to favor the production of bio-oil and gas, while slower heating rates and longer residence times lead to a higher yield of char. The absence of oxygen is crucial to prevent combustion, ensuring that the decomposition occurs through thermal cracking rather than oxidation. This controlled decomposition makes pirolízis a versatile technology for waste management, energy recovery, and the production of valuable chemicals.