piretrum

Piretrum is a common name referring to several species of flowering plants in the genus Tanacetum, particularly Tanacetum cinerariifolium. These plants are native to the Balkan Peninsula and are renowned for their insecticidal properties. The active insecticidal compounds, known as pyrethrins, are esters found in the flower heads. Pyrethrins are natural insecticides that have been used for centuries to control a wide range of pests.

The extraction of pyrethrins involves drying and grinding the flower heads, followed by a solvent extraction process. The resulting extract is a potent but relatively safe insecticide. Pyrethrins work by disrupting the nervous system of insects, causing paralysis and eventual death. They are effective against many common pests, including mosquitoes, flies, fleas, and agricultural insects.

A key characteristic of pyrethrins is their rapid knockdown effect. However, they are also biodegradable and break down quickly when exposed to sunlight and air, which reduces their environmental persistence compared to many synthetic insecticides. This biodegradability makes them a more environmentally friendly option for pest control.

Due to their relatively low toxicity to mammals and birds, pyrethrins are widely used in household insect sprays, pet shampoos, and agricultural applications. Synthetic versions of pyrethrins, known as pyrethroids, have also been developed and are widely used, offering similar insecticidal activity with increased stability. The cultivation and processing of piretrum plants are important industries in some regions, primarily for the production of natural insecticides.