pinguecula

A pinguecula is a small, yellowish, raised area on the bulbar conjunctiva—the clear membrane over the white part of the eye. It usually appears near the inner corner of the eye (nasal side) and does not involve the cornea itself. Pingueculae are a degenerative change of the conjunctiva and are commonly associated with chronic sun exposure, wind, and dust. They are typically bilateral and more noticeable in older adults.

Most pingueculae are asymptomatic. When symptoms occur, they may include a gritty or foreign-body sensation, dryness, or irritation. Inflammation of a pinguecula, known as pingueculitis, can cause redness and swelling and may respond to anti-inflammatory eye drops.

Diagnosis is usually based on a clinical eye examination, sometimes with a slit-lamp microscope to assess the lesion and distinguish it from a pterygium, a related growth that can extend onto the cornea.

Treatment is generally not required. Artificial tears can relieve dryness, and anti-inflammatory medications may ease pingueculitis. Surgical excision is rare and reserved for rare cosmetic concerns or persistent symptoms, as pingueculae do not invade the cornea or threaten vision.

Prevention focuses on UV protection, such as sunglasses and hats, and minimizing environmental irritants to reduce progression or irritation. The prognosis is typically excellent, with lesions remaining stable over time.