pigmentadas

Pigmentadas is a term used in dermatology to describe skin lesions characterized by increased pigmentation due to melanin. The word is common in Spanish- and Portuguese-language medical literature and covers a broad range of conditions that affect the color and appearance of the skin, from benign patches to those that require evaluation for malignancy.

Common categories of pigmentadas include melanocytic nevi (moles), lentigines, ephelides (freckles), cafe-au-lait macules, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Lesions may be flat or slightly raised and can appear anywhere on the body. Their distribution and intensity are influenced by genetic factors, sun exposure, hormonal changes, aging, and local skin conditions.

Causes and risk factors comprise genetic predisposition, ultraviolet radiation, hormonal fluctuations (such as during pregnancy or with oral contraceptives), aging, and certain medications or inflammatory skin processes that alter melanin production or distribution.

Evaluation of pigmentadas typically involves a clinical examination, patient history, and sometimes dermoscopy. Any new, changing, asymmetrical, irregularly bordered, or multi-colored lesion requires careful assessment, and biopsy may be indicated to exclude melanoma or other serious conditions.

Management focuses on surveillance and prevention. Protective measures against sun exposure help reduce new pigmentation. Treatments for cosmetic concerns may include topical agents that lighten pigment, laser therapies, or chemical peels, but these carry risks, including irritation or uneven pigmentation. Decisions about treatment should be guided by a dermatologist, especially for lesions that are new, changing, or uncertain in diagnosis.

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