phosphopsia

Phosphosphenes are a visual phenomenon characterized by the perception of light without light actually entering the eye. These experiences are often described as flashes, sparks, or glowing shapes. The term phosphosphene originates from the Greek words "phos" meaning light and "phainein" meaning to show.

Phosphosphenes can occur for a variety of reasons. They are commonly induced by mechanical stimulation of the retina, such as when rubbing one's eyes. This pressure can trigger the photoreceptor cells, leading to the sensation of light. Another common cause is sudden changes in light intensity, for example, standing up quickly after being in a dark room.

Neurological conditions can also be associated with phosphosphenes, though this is less frequent. Migraines, particularly those with aura, can sometimes present with visual disturbances that include phosphosphenic phenomena. Certain medications and head trauma have also been linked to their appearance. In most instances, phosphosphenes are benign and transient, resolving on their own without intervention. However, persistent or unusually frequent phosphosphenes may warrant consultation with a medical professional to rule out underlying eye or neurological issues.