pessary

A pessary is a medical device placed into the vagina to support pelvic organs, commonly used to treat pelvic organ prolapse and, less often, urinary incontinence. By lifting and redistributing tissue, a pessary can relieve bulging and discomfort and improve function without surgery. It is considered a non-surgical, reversible treatment option.

The ring pessary is the most common shape, but other types include donut, Gellhorn, and cube pessaries. Devices are typically made of silicone or latex and come in a range of sizes. Fitting is performed by a healthcare professional who selects an appropriate shape and size. After fitting, many patients receive instruction on insertion, removal, and cleaning; some may manage at home with periodic professional follow-up.

Pessaries are used for short-term or long-term management of prolapse, depending on the patient’s situation and preferences. They can be worn for extended periods, with care and regular cleaning. Lubrication should be water-based, and oil-based products should be avoided because they can degrade the material. Regular vaginal checks are important to monitor tissue health and device position.

Common side effects include vaginal discharge, odor, irritation, or bleeding if the device irritates the tissue. More serious but rare complications include pressure ulcers, erosion of surrounding tissues, and fistula formation. Contraindications include active vaginal infection, pregnancy, or an allergy to the device material. If pain, bleeding, or unusual symptoms occur, medical review is advised. Regular follow-up is recommended to ensure continued safety and effectiveness.