peräsuolensyövän

Peräsuolensyöpä, also known as rectal cancer, is a malignant tumor that originates in the rectum, the final section of the large intestine. It is a type of colorectal cancer. The development of peräsuolensyöpä typically begins with the formation of polyps, which are growths on the inner lining of the rectum. Over time, some of these polyps can become cancerous.

Risk factors associated with peräsuolensyöpä include age, with the risk increasing after 50, a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, a diet low in fiber and high in red and processed meats, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Symptoms can vary and may include changes in bowel habits such as persistent diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain or cramping, a feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation, and unexplained weight loss. In some cases, the cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam, and diagnostic tests such as a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, which allow visualization of the rectum and colon. Biopsies are taken to confirm the presence of cancer. Imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs may be used to determine the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread.

Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Early detection significantly improves the prognosis for peräsuolensyöpä. Regular screening, particularly for individuals over 50 or those with increased risk factors, is crucial for prevention and early diagnosis.