perustulona

Perustulona is the Finnish phrase meaning “as a basic income.” In Finnish policy and academic discussions, the term is used when evaluating proposals or analyses that envision delivering a policy where people receive a regular, unconditional cash payment that is not tied to employment or other conditions. The related noun is perustulo, or basic income.

A basic income is typically described as a uniform payment to all residents or citizens, intended to secure a minimum standard of living and to simplify or replace parts of the welfare system. Because it is unconditional, it does not depend on work status or income, and it may be designed to replace or supplement existing benefits.

Proponents argue that basic income can reduce poverty and income insecurity, streamline welfare administration, and give individuals greater freedom to pursue education, caregiving, or entrepreneurship without the fear of losing benefits. Critics raise concerns about the overall cost, potential effects on work incentives, and questions of fairness and funding. Policy design varies: universal basic income provides payments to all, while other models use targeted or means-tested approaches; funding discussions often involve tax reform, savings from administrative costs, or redistribution.

Empirical evidence from pilots and trials around the world shows mixed effects on employment, with some studies noting small or no changes in work activity, while reporting improvements in well-being, financial security, and administrative simplicity. The debate in Finland and internationally continues to balance potential social benefits against budgetary and practical feasibility.

See also: basic income, universal basic income, social welfare policy.